Mental disorders with depression

Mental disorders with depression

A depressed mood is usually a core feature of some mental disorders such as

Manic depression (Bipolar disorder)

Bipolar disorder is not a single disorder, but a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood, clinically referred to as mania. Individuals who experience manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes or symptoms, or mixed episodes which present with features of both mania and depression. These episodes are normally separated by periods of normal mood, but in some patients, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, known as rapid cycling.

Clinical depression

Clinical depression (also called major-depressive disorder or unipolar depression) is a common psychiatric disorder, characterized by a persistent lowering of mood, loss of interest in usual activities and diminished ability to experience pleasure.

Atypical Depression

Atypical Depression (AD) is a subtype of dysthymia and Major Depression characterized by mood reactivity — being able to experience improved mood in response to positive events. In contrast, sufferers of "melancholic" depression generally cannot experience positive moods, even when good things happen. Additionally, atypical depression is characterized by reversed vegetative symptoms, namely over-eating and over-sleeping.

Psychotic depression

Psychotic depression is one of the most severe forms of the general depressive diseases in which the person experiences moments of delusional or paranoid being. During such an episode, synesthesia may occur, including audio-visual hallucinations and erratic behavior. Psychotic depression is a chronic, cyclic condition. In general, the patient may have unremarkable general depressive episodes marked by moments of extreme psychosis. Suicide is most prevalent in patients affected by psychotic episodes. Increased stress and chemical abuse can initiate a psychotic episode. The nature of this condition is very much like, or the same as Bipolar Disorder.

Common symptoms of PD include:

suicidal thoughts
suicide attempts
Audio and or visual hallucination
Not feeling as you once did when well
Aggression
Frustration
Feelings of hopelessness
Most patients need intense aggressive treatment in hospital settings. This is mainly due to the suicide risk. Although the patient may suffer from audio and or visual hallucinations, it is not to be confused with schizophrenia as PD patients are aware that it is a hallucination they are having.

Seasonal affective disorder

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), also known as winter depression, is an affective, or mood, disorder. Most SAD sufferers experience normal mental health throughout most of the year, but experience depressive symptoms in the winter or summer. The condition in the summer is often referred to as Reverse Seasonal Affective Disorder.

Adjustment disorder
In psychology, a classification of mental disorder that is a psychological response from an identifiable stressor or group of stressors that causes significant emotional or behavioral symptoms that does not meet criteria for more specific disorders.
adjustment disorder was reduced to six types, classified by their clinical features. Adjustment Disorders may also be acute or chronic, depending on whether it lasts more or less than six months. Its diagnosis is quite common, there have been reports of it being a common and serious condition among adolescents and it has estimated incidences of 5-21% in psychiatric consultation services for adults. In clinical samples of adults, women are given the diagnosis twice as often as men.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric anxiety disorder most commonly characterized by a subject's obsessive, distressing, intrusive thoughts and related compulsions (tasks or "rituals") which attempt to neutralize the obsessions

Obsessions are defined by:

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress.
The thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems.
The person attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, impulses, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action.
The person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of his or her own mind, and are not based in reality.

source : wikipedia